Huda M. Elmatsani, Arief Sartono, S. Joni Munarso, Sari Intan Kailaku, Yogi Purna Rahardjo, Noveria Sjafrina, Mochammad Jusuf Djafar, Ermi E. Koeslulat, Sitti Ramlah, Satrio Utomo, Boni Benyamin, Puji Astuti, Agung Hendriadi, Arief Arianto
Background Agricultural supply chains are characterized by high transaction costs and agency risks stemming from information asymmetry and biological variability. Although blockchain is widely proposed as a solution, existing literature predominantly focuses on passive traceability rather than active algorithmic governance. Methods This study conducts a bibliometric synthesis of 367 documents (2018–2025) to map the field’s intellectual structure and research orientation. Co-occurrence analysis was employed to reveal distinct thematic clusters and identify the evolution of technological infrastructure in the sector. Results The analysis reveals a critical volume-impact paradox within the technological infrastructure group and a 16:1 asymmetry between traceability and automation research. This indicates a significant gap in leveraging smart contracts for economic enforcement and active supply chain management. Conclusion We propose the Agri-Cognito framework, a prescriptive architecture designed to bridge the cognitive void through AI-driven pre-consensus validation. The framework provides a theoretical blueprint for transitioning agricultural blockchains from passive digital logbooks to autonomous governance ecosystems, offering a direct response to the “oracle problem” and structural inefficiencies in current implementations.