Carbon neutrality: ecological policy and economic growth

This article explores methods for studying the development patterns of carbon neutrality policies currently pursued by various countries. The focus is on statistical regression models that identify the factors that determine the type of carbon neutrality policy (strategy). Total greenhouse gas emissions are used as the primary marker characteristic of this policy. The constructed models allow us to draw conclusions about the complex, ambiguous, and multidirectional influence of key macroeconomic indicators (GDP, GDP per capita, population, and territorial size) on a country's carbon neutrality policy. At the same time, we are able to identify a stable and significant statistical dependence of emissions on a number of non-obvious (clearly not registered) economic factors. An analysis of the intertemporal dynamics of the basic characteristics of carbon neutrality policies pursued by countries has additional applied constructive value. In particular, it forms a conceptual basis for clustering countries in terms of the properties of their environmental strategies. A separate research direction is outlined that will allow us to take into account the influence of intercountry competition factors. First and foremost, the size of emission quotas. This approach is based on rationing models (fair divisions models).