Payal Guleria, Prangya Ranjan Rout
The dual crises arising from surging fossil-derived materials and persistent underutilization of agricultural residues demand an innovative solution for a sustainable future. In this context, fungal mycelium-based biofabrication has garnered significant global attention, as it enables the conversion of agricultural waste into functional agro-mycelial-derived biocomposite (AMB). AMB offers a combination of favourable thermal, acoustic, and mechanical properties, making it an attractive alternative for applications across multiple industrial sectors. However, the widespread adoption of AMB is limited by several technical constraints and social acceptance issues. Therefore, to address these gaps, this review aims to provide a systematic overview of recent advances in fabrication technologies, performance optimization, and sustainability assessment. Bibliometric analysis reveals a rapidly expanding academic focus and emerging hotspots shaping the research landscape. Conventional mould-based and cutting-edge additive manufacturing-based fabrication processes are critically evaluated with respect to techno-environmental prospects. Furthermore, various physico-mechanical properties and modulating strategies, including surface coating, hybrid reinforcements, and biotechnological interventions, are highlighted to enhance material performance. Additionally, life-cycle assessments are examined to elucidate their industrial application from a sustainable standpoint. Overall, the review presents AMB as a viable solution within the circular bioeconomy, addressing the dual imperatives of substituting fossil-based materials and managing agricultural waste through a technological and translational perspective.