Non-pharmacological strategies in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition affecting attention, impulse control and emotional regulation across the lifespan. Although pharmacological treatment is often effective, many patients benefit from additional psychological and lifestyle-based interventions that support daily functioning. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to provide an overview of evidence-based non-pharmacological strategies for ADHD that may assist patients in general practice. DISCUSSION: ADHD management typically involves a multimodal approach combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Psychological approaches such as cognitive behavioural therapy and behavioural parent training can support executive functioning, emotional regulation and adaptive coping. Environmental supports, including school-based interventions and organisational strategies, may improve functioning. Lifestyle factors such as sleep, exercise and regular routines also influence symptom management. General practitioners play an important part in psychoeducation, early intervention and referral to appropriate psychological or allied health services.