The Effects of Music on Inflammation: A Bibliometric Study from 1989 to 2024.

This bibliometric study maps the scientific landscape of research on music and inflammation from 1989 to 2024. Using Scopus data analyzed through Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, we examined publication trends, influential authors, thematic evolution, and co‑occurrence patterns of inflammation‑related biomarkers. The expanded search strategy incorporated biological mediators such as cytokines, IL‑6, TNF‑α, CRP, and cortisol to ensure comprehensive coverage of mechanistic literature. Results show a shift from early musculoskeletal‑focused studies to recent clinical applications of music in systemic inflammatory conditions. Co‑occurrence analysis highlights cortisol and stress‑related pathways as dominant research themes, while detailed music‑type reporting remains limited. This study identifies key research gaps and proposes standardized frameworks for future biomarker‑based investigations of music interventions.