Behavioral and neurochemical assessment of intranasal gel containing Cocculus hirsutus extract in experimental anxiolytic Models.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to develop and evaluate an intranasal gel formulation of Cocculus hirsutus extract (HACHL) for the management of anxiety. The primary objective was to enhance brain delivery through the intranasal route by prolonging the residence time of the formulation. METHODS: The hydroalcoholic extract of Cocculus hirsutus leaves (HACHL) was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. Its anxiolytic activity was evaluated using various animal models, including the elevated plus maze, open field test, and light-dark box test. A intranasal gel formulation was developed using suitable polymers and excipients to facilitate intranasal delivery. The formulated gel was evaluated for physicochemical parameters. The anxiolytic activity of the developed intanasal gel was further assessed and compared with the plain HACHL and standard drug. RESULTS: The HACHL exhibited significant anxiolytic activity, as evidenced by increased time spent in open arms, increased crossing, and reduced anxiety-related behaviour in experimental models. The developed intranasal gel showed acceptable physicochemical properties and a sustained drug release profile. Pharmacological evaluation of the intranasal gel demonstrated enhanced anxiolytic activity compared to the HACHL alone, indicating improved drug delivery and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that HACHL possesses significant anxiolytic potential. The intranasal gel enhances its therapeutic effectiveness, due to potential to enhance nose to brain delivery and bioavailability. This study supports the potential application of intranasal delivery systems as a promising approach for the management of anxiety disorders.