Background of Hainan's Customs Closure: Institutional Impact, Resource Restructuring, and Job-Housing Balance

The full-island customs closure of the Hainan Free Trade Port changes the rules of factor flow, industrial organization methods, and the spatial distribution of the population. Employment opportunities also present characteristics of park agglomeration. Due to changes in the quantity and structure of population inflow, new requirements are proposed for housing location choices, product structures, and security methods within the region. This paper analyzes the coordination deviation between housing supply and industrial layout in Hainan from three perspectives: space, structure, and institution. It finds that the "asynchronous evolution" between the fast variable of rapid industrial agglomeration brought by customs closure and the slow variable of rigid housing supply leads to spatial mismatch and structural imbalance.