Taniya Verma, Vinay Bhardwaj, Shweta Kanwar, Pooja Singh
Background: Advances in genomics, molecular biology, and systems medicine have driven the emergence of personalized medicine, transforming modern healthcare. Ayurveda has long recognized individual variability through Prakriti, a constitutional classification based on the dominance of the three Doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). The emerging field of Ayurgenomics explores correlations between Prakriti and molecular, genetic, and biological markers. Objective: To analyze the Ayurvedic concept of Prakriti and evaluate its relevance to modern personalized medicine. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary scientific literature. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the AYUSH Research Portal were searched using keywords such as "Prakriti," "Ayurgenomics," "personalized medicine," and "gut microbiome." Peer-reviewed articles, reviews, and classical Ayurveda references published in English were included. Results: The Prakriti describes a constitutional constitution where not just the physiology but also the metabolism, psychology, susceptibility to illness, and response to treatments are predetermined. Evidence shows a link between Prakriti and genomic variants, gene expression, biochemical characteristics, immune mechanisms, and gut microbiota composition, highlighting the biological relevance and genesis of Ayurgenomics. Personalized dietary plans, lifestyle recommendations, pharmacogenomics, stratification for disease risk, and prevention are potential application areas of Prakriti in the clinical setting. However, the lack of proper validation and standard methods for Prakriti assessment, small study groups, and the inadequacy of clinical trials on a large scale hinder its application. Conclusion: Prakriti could serve as a constitutionally relevant holistic model for personalized therapy. A combination of Ayurvedic paradigms with genomics and systems biology could complement the approach toward precision medicine; however, it needs to be supported by a standardized approach and large-scale, multi-centered studies for biological validation and clinical application.