Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar, Muhammad Farman
Abstract Heart attacks and cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of death worldwide owing to their highly dynamic behavior and the variability among individuals. The combination of fractional calculus and fuzzy logic provides a more accurate representation of complex pathological and pharmacological processes. This review emphasizes the need to continue and extend research on fuzzy fractional-order models and the advantages of this approach. For future research, we suggest a novel fuzzy fractional-order mathematical model that employs the Caputo fractional derivative to address heart-related disorders and heart attacks. The essential analysis focuses on the invariant area in which model equations have epidemiological meaning and are solution-positive. The fixed-point theorem proves that the solutions are unique. The study investigates the possibilities for treating cardiovascular diseases by evaluating equilibrium points and their stability. A general method for employing the fuzzy Laplace transform to obtain the semi-analytic solution of the fuzzy fractional model under study is provided. The suggested technique provides a more flexible and realistic understanding of cardiac disease dynamics than standard models, as evidenced by numerical simulations that reveal how fuzzy parameters and fractional order influence illness outcomes.