Leveraging artificial intelligence to enhance marine biosecurity.

Marine biosecurity stands at the crossroads of innovation and necessity, with artificial intelligence (AI) offering promising tools to enhance risk assessment, surveillance, and response strategies for invasive species management. Despite the rapid growth of AI applications in marine science, there has been no comprehensive overview of its potential role in enhancing and supporting marine biosecurity. Our literature review aims to fill this gap, showing that AI use in this field remains limited and underdeveloped. Through our literature analysis, we identify key opportunities for AI research and innovation across the marine biosecurity continuum, while also highlighting both general and domain-specific challenges. We conclude by proposing a roadmap to guide the responsible development and implementation of AI in marine biosecurity.