Anna M Pederson, Peter Buto, Scott C Zimmerman, Mabeline Velez, Kendra D Sims, Audrey R Murchland, Jingxuan Wang, M Maria Glymour, Nicole L Spartano, Jennifer Weuve, Paola Gilsanz, Felicia Chi, Rachel A Whitmer, Alana T Brennan
Among 232,261 participants (mean [SD] age 64.5 [9.0] years; 57.3% women), 2.3% had a T1DM diagnosis. Among those without diabetes, each additional comorbidity corresponded to a dementia hazard ratio (HR) of 1.22 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.26). The dementia HR among participants with both T1DM and depression, compared with having neither, was pronounced (HR: 5.47 [95% CI: 4.23, 7.08]) and consistent with the independent associations of T1DM alone (HR: 2.01 [95% CI:1.38, 2.92]) and depression alone (HR: 2.55 [95% CI: 2.22, 2.95]).
INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) increases dementia risk. Understanding clinical modifiers of that effect could inform prevention.
METHODS: We analyzed data from All of Us. Participants were aged ≥50 years with T1DM (n = 5,442) or no diabetes (n = 226,819).
RESULTS: Among 232,261 participants (mean [SD] age 64.5 [9.0] years; 57.3% women), 2.3% had a T1DM diagnosis. Among those without diabetes, each additional comorbidity corresponded to a dementia hazard ratio (HR) of 1.22 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.26). The dementia HR among participants with both T1DM and depression, compared with having neither, was pronounced (HR: 5.47 [95% CI: 4.23, 7.08]) and consistent with the independent associations of T1DM alone (HR: 2.01 [95% CI:1.38, 2.92]) and depression alone (HR: 2.55 [95% CI: 2.22, 2.95]).
DISCUSSION: Individuals who have both T1DM and depression are at especially high risk for dementia.