Sliding Mode Controller-Based Single-Stage Bridgeless Power Factor Correction Charger for Solar-Assisted Light Electric Vehicles with Enhanced Battery State-of-Charge

The rapid growth of light electric vehicles (LEVs) has increased the demand for efficient battery charging systems capable of achieving faster charging while maintaining high power quality and converter efficiency. Conventional proportional– integral (PI) controller-based bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) chargers exhibit limited dynamic performance under varying photovoltaic (PV) generation, grid disturbances, and battery operating conditions, resulting in reduced charging efficiency and lower battery State-of-Charge (SOC). To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) for a single-stage bridgeless PFC charger integrated with a solar PV source and utility grid. The nonlinear SMC provides superior robustness against parameter uncertainties, rapid disturbance rejection, and accurate regulation of battery charging current, output voltage, and DC-link voltage. Furthermore, an Incremental Conductance maximum power point tracking algorithm continuously extracts the maximum available PV power under changing irradiance conditions. The complete charging system is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and evaluated under identical operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SMC significantly improves converter stability, minimizes charging current ripple, enhances renewable energy utilization, and achieves a substantially higher battery State-of-Charge within the same charging duration compared with the conventional PI controller. The proposed charging strategy therefore offers an efficient, reliable, and practical solution for next-generation renewable-energy-assisted light electric vehicle charging applications