Role of Sirtuins in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes and play important roles in ageing and the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Among them, SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 have been identified as key regulators of cartilage homeostasis, primarily through their control of oxidative stress and modulation of proinflammatory, anabolic, and catabolic pathways within the extracellular matrix. These protective effects are mediated through the regulation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and p53, as well as through direct inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. Evidence from current studies suggests that reduced SIRT expression in chondrocytes contributes to apoptosis and autophagy-dependent cartilage degradation. Understanding the mechanisms through which SIRTs function may provide promising opportunities for the treatment of OA. This review aims to summarise current knowledge regarding the role of SIRTs in the pathogenesis of OA.