A Nudge Theory-Based Mobile Health Intervention for Self-Management in Young and Middle-Aged Patients With Hypertension: Mixed Methods Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Young and middle-aged patients with hypertension often show poor self-management due to limited cognitive bandwidth. Mobile health apps using behavioral economics may be helpful for these patients. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness and usability of a nudge-based mobile app (LeYi) for improving self-management in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. METHODS: This mixed-methods pilot study used a single-group pre-post design. Thirty participants completed a 24-week intervention. Outcomes were assessed using validated scales and interviews. RESULTS: Self-management scores showed significant pre-to-post improvements (median change from 68.0 to 108.5; z=4.788; P<.001), as did eHealth literacy (median change from 15.5 to 34.0; z=4.544; P<.001). Usability was favorable (median user version of the Mobile App Rating Scale score 4.5, IQR 4.0-5.0). Thematic analysis identified 6 themes that complemented the quantitative findings and highlighted technology adaptation challenges. CONCLUSIONS: The LeYi app may be feasible and acceptable for enhancing self-management in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. However, a larger randomized controlled trial is needed to determine its efficacy. Embedding behavioral economics into mobile health is a promising approach to support patient engagement.