Nanocarrier-Delivered Polyphenols: A Novel Strategy for Gut Microbiota Modulation and Cognitive Health Enhancement.

INTRODUCTION: The gut microbiota is a matrix ecosystem vital for the maintenance of host metabolic, immune, and neurological health. Disruption of this balance, known as gut dysbiosis, is associated with numerous diseases, including diabetes and neurological disorders. Dietary polyphenols, particularly flavonols like quercetin, have shown potential in restoring microbial balance. However, their poor solubility and low bioavailability limit therapeutic outcomes. METHODS: This review evaluates the role of dietary polyphenols in modulating gut microbiota and explores nanocarrier-based approaches to enhance their stability and targeted delivery. Literature from recent preclinical and clinical studies was analysed to highlight the interaction between polyphenols and gut microbes with the advancement of nano-delivery systems. RESULTS: Polyphenols influence gut microbiota by promoting beneficial production. Nanocarriers such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles improve the bioavailability and colon-targeted release of polyphenols, leading to improved gut axis function and impacting mood, cognition, and neuroprotection. DISCUSSION: Nanocarrier systems offer an innovative solution to overcome the limitations of conventional polyphenol delivery. Enhanced colonic release allows direct modulation of gut microbiota and improved systemic outcomes, particularly in metabolic and neurological conditions. CONCLUSION: Nanocarrier-based delivery of polyphenols holds promise in managing gut dysbiosis and related disorders by improving bioavailability and targeting microbial balance. This approach supports the development of microbiota-focused dietary therapeutics.