Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore: Phytochemistry, Nutritional Value, Ethnomedicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Potential

Introduction: Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore, belonging to the family Asteraceae, is a wild leafy vegetable originally native to Tropical Africa and now widely cultivated in Asia. This review aims to present comprehensive insights into the ethnomedicinal uses, nutritional and phytochemical composition, and pharmacological activities of C. crepidioides. Methods: Relevant information on Crassocephalum crepidioides was systematically retrieved from scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using predefined keywords such as Crassocephalum crepidioides, phytochemistry, nutritional value, ethnomedicinal uses, and pharmacological activities. Publications from 2000 to 2025 were considered, with emphasis on peer-reviewed articles, ethnobotanical records, and pharmacological studies. Results: The plant has been found to possess a variety of bioactive compounds and exhibits numerous pharmacological properties. These include antibacterial, antidiabetic, wound-healing, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, hepatoprotective, anticoagulant, and antitumor activities. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Specific phytoconstituents identified include eugenol, vanillin, citronellol, orcinol, thumbergol, catechol, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, dihydroquercetin, α-caryophyllene, thymol, α-farnesene, β-cubebene, 4- cyclohexylbutyramide, and caryophyllene. Discussion: The diverse pharmacological properties of Crassocephalum crepidioides can be attributed to its rich phytochemical composition. The presence of key bioactive compounds underscores its potential for development as a therapeutic agent. Further research is essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and validate the therapeutic claims through preclinical and clinical trials. Conclusion: Crassocephalum crepidioides holds significant promise as a source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic applications. Future studies focusing on detailed phytochemical characterization and clinical evaluation will enhance its utility in contemporary medicine.