Design of Receptor-Specific Anticancer Agents for Gallbladder Cancer: Integrating Immunomodulatory Strategies.

INTRODUCTION: Gallbladder Cancer (GBC) remains one of the most aggressive biliary tract malignancies, frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage due to its subtle early symptoms. This review examines receptor-mediated drug delivery as a promising approach to address the challenges of late diagnosis, limited treatment options, and chemoresistance in GBC. METHODS: A structured literature review methodology was used to produce a comprehensive synthesis of evidence on available advances in receptor-targeted drug delivery and immunomodulatory strategies for Gallbladder Cancer (GBC). RESULTS: Emphasis is placed on exploiting specific cancer cell receptors, such as EGFR, HER2, VEGFR, FGFR, and the estrogen-related receptor, as targets for nanoparticles, liposomes, and antibody-drug conjugates to enhance drug internalization while reducing off-target toxicity. DISCUSSION: In parallel, the role of modern immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell therapies such as CAR-T cells, is discussed with respect to their synergistic potential when combined with targeted drug-delivery systems. Additionally, emerging RNA- and gene-based therapies provide new avenues to modulate tumor biology and reverse treatment resistance. CONCLUSION: Collectively, integrating receptor-targeted nanomedicine with immunotherapeutic strategies could pave the way for personalized treatment regimens that improve therapeutic outcomes and survival in patients with gallbladder cancer.