Exploring Patients' Perspectives on Self-Management Behaviors and Influencing Factors in Chronic Disease Management.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Self-management is essential for chronic disease control. This study aimed to explore patients' perspectives on self-management behaviors and the factors influencing these behaviors in chronic disease management. METHODS: A descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers affiliated with Jeddah's Second Health Cluster. Using simple random sampling, 123 adults with controlled type 2 diabetes, controlled hypertension, or both conditions were recruited. Data were collected through telephone interviews using a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall self-management was high (mean = 2.65; 82.5%). The highest-rated behaviors were medication adherence (93%), adherence to treatment recommendations (91.5%), and appointment attendance (90%). Symptom monitoring, contact with the healthcare team, and monitoring at primary healthcare centers were also high (≥82.5%). Dietary adherence and physical activity were moderate (72% each). Influencing factors were high for knowledge/awareness (84%-89%), intrinsic motivation (81.5%), self-efficacy (83.5%), problem-solving ability (80.5%), and social/family support (84.5%). Stress-management coping capacity (69.5%) and post-appointment follow-up (61%) were moderate. Self-management was higher among participants without comorbidities, non-smokers, and those living with family (p < 0.05), positively associated with disease duration and education, and negatively associated with age. DISCUSSION: Self-management was strongest when embedded in treatment routines and supported by personal capability and family support, whereas sustaining lifestyle change and psychological coping remained more challenging. CONCLUSION: Among adults with controlled type 2 diabetes, controlled hypertension, or both conditions, self-management was generally high and supported by enabling factors, but with limited generalizability. Targeted, patient-centered interventions are needed to strengthen lifestyle self-management, psychological coping, and structured follow-up.