Physicochemical Characterization and Biological Activity of Ethanol- Extracted Residue of Saussurea involucrata.

INTRODUCTION: Saussurea involucrata's ethanol-extracted residue (ROSI), a byproduct of its oral liquid preparation, nevertheless holds significant therapeutic promise. To evaluate its potential as a treatment for neurodegenerative illnesses, this study investigates its physicochemical properties and biological activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: UV-Vis, IR spectroscopy, UHPLC-Q Exactive HFX systems, microscopy, powder characterisation, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of ROSI. Antioxidant activities and pancreatic lipase inhibition were assessed. Its therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders were predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. RESULTS: ROSI demonstrated high organic acid content, a uniform porous structure, consistent particle size, and high thermal stability, meeting industrial flowability standards. While showing modest pancreatic lipase inhibition, it exhibited potent antioxidant activity. Pharmacomics analysis suggests ROSI may target multiple pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases. DISCUSSION: Despite its modest pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect, ROSI exhibits potent antioxidant activity and stable physicochemical properties suitable for industrial applications. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses reveal therapeutic potential for ROSI in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Consequently, ROSI serves as a natural antioxidant and a raw material for the development of functional foods and pharmaceuticals. CONCLUSION: ROSI holds promise as an adjunctive treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly for its antioxidant effects and industrial applicability. Further research should optimize its use in chronic disease management and explore its broader medicinal potential.