Adel Yassin
Accumulating building information of the pyramid shape as a tomb mostly took all of the third and fourth dynasties’ times in Egypt. The tomb, as a mastaba, symbolized the oneness of the people's sacred belief in the beginning of time. When the mastaba was vertically multiplied into six to give shape in height by the time of Djoser, they were covered by a non-successful casing by Sneferu's time. That dress was expelled, and the multiple mastabas were visually clear by the same time; here the oneness was betrayed, which pushed Sneferu to try for a new, complete tomb/pyramid. For the second time, it was not a successful try, so he built a third pyramid, which was the “Red Pyramid”. Constructionally, it was sound, but architecturally and proportionally, it was not successful. By the time of “Khufu”, thanks to the architect “Hemiunu,” he managed to select a complex of structural systems to hold together for the purpose of having a complete one edifice symbolizing the sacred oneness. The combination of four structural systems was: 1- two cross-diagonal walls, 2- seven stepped cores filling the four gaps within the diagonal walls where both systems were rotated in six degrees clockwise. 3- one pyramid that forms a coat, following the four geographic directions, enclosed both the rotated cross walls and the stepped core; 4- the last cover was the casing dress over the previous one. Courses were different in height all over the pyramid. They mostly served the stability of constructing the two main chambers that acquired the names of King’s and Queen’s; consequently, the core steps followed that formation. Stone arrangement in each course of the 210 existing courses – plus the missing ones- followed two orientations, one in the core and the other in the coat and the dress. Under seismic blows, forces of each orientation contradicted the other, resulting in an almost zero effect and causing the edifice's stability. The final edifice shape expressed the whole idea of the complete, stable, balanced, aesthetically sound, and impressive oneness. That was the Great Pyramid of Giza.