Medical Students’ Perceptions and Attitude Toward the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare, with potential advancements in diagnostics, image analysis, and drug discovery. This study aimed to investigate how medical students in the Kingdom of Bahrain perceive AI and their understanding of its application. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional electronic survey design. A total of 350 responses were collected from students at Arabian Gulf University and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in Bahrain. The survey was adopted from a previously validated instrument, assessed attitudes, knowledge, and confidence regarding AI using 5-point Likert scales and dichotomous questions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: We found that 86% of students believe AI will play a crucial role in future healthcare. While 37.7% were less inclined towards radiology due to AI, 46.9% believed that some specialties would be replaced. About 60.9% understood basic AI principles. About 82% agreed AI learning would benefit their careers. Only 24.6% had received AI teaching, which they found useful. Students with AI training demonstrated a stronger belief in AI's role (p=0.008) and the necessity of AI education (p=0.010) but were less likely to consider radiology (p=0.004). They also reported higher confidence in using AI tools (p=0.004). Conclusion: Medical students in Bahrain had positive views on AI's future in healthcare and recognize the importance of AI education. Students with AI training showed greater confidence in utilizing and understanding AI tools. These findings identify the critical need to integrate AI education into medical curricula to prepare future physicians for the evolving AI-driven medical landscape.