Ataharul Chowdhury
This policy discussion paper examines the historical evolution, current realities, and emerging transformations of extension and advisory services (EAS) in Canada within the broader context of "Extension 4.0." It explores how EAS has shifted from traditional public-sector knowledge transfer models to more pluralistic, networked, and digitally mediated systems influenced by artificial intelligence (AI), digitalization, and institutional restructuring. The paper emphasizes the growing importance of EAS in supporting the transformation of agri-food systems, rural development, climate resilience, entrepreneurship, and inclusive innovation, while also addressing ongoing challenges such as declining public investment, fragmentation, limited institutional capacity, inequitable access, and the erosion of higher education and professional training opportunities. Prepared for the 1st International Conference on Canadian Agri-Food & Rural Advisory, Extension, and Education in October 2025, the paper aims to encourage dialogue about the future of EAS in Canada and beyond, arguing that creating socially responsible and human-centered Extension 4.0 systems will require renewed policy focus, cross-sector collaboration, institutional coordination, and investments in education, advisory capacity, and digital readiness.