Intravesical Recurrence of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Strategies for Prevention.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on intravesical recurrence (IVR) of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). RECENT FINDINGS: We explore epidemiology, risk factors, mechanisms of tumor cell seeding, molecular pathways, genetic predispositions, and related factors of UTUC. Diagnostic techniques, strategies managing disease and reducing recurrence, as well as controversies and challenges in UTUC management are discussed. By synthesizing the latest research findings, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of UTUC IVR which can guide clinical practice and future research efforts.