Bin Zhu
Energy flow in materials is conventionally described as transport driven by particle migration, scattering, or diffusion. Here we show that in confined and field-structured systems, energy transmission is instead governed by energy-state accessibility and resonance. We introduce the State-Resonant Energy Transmission Law (SRETL), Φ = ν 0R (E ), where Φ is the macroscopic energy flux, ν 0 is an intrinsic activation frequency, and R (E ) is a dimensionless transmission function that depends on the accessible energy states E . The SRETL unifies classical migration-limited transport and wave-like, resonance-mediated transmission as complementary regime limits of a single governing principle. Applied to ultrafast carrier-lattice dynamics, the framework reinterprets experimentally observed phase delays as waiting times for state-resonant transmission, providing a concrete route to extract transmission functions from time-resolved measurements. Beyond electronic systems, the SRETL establishes a general paradigm for engineering energy transmission in ionic and protonic materials through controlled state accessibility rather than reduced resistance.