Zeolite-based catalysts for the synthesis of γ-valerolactone from various biomass feedstocks

The growing demand for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels has increased interest in biomass-derived chemicals, which play a vital role in the global transition toward renewable energy. Among these chemicals, γ-valerolactone (GVL) stands out as a promising intermediate for producing high-value chemicals, including bio-diesel. Zeolites, with their exceptional stability and catalytic activity, have demonstrated remarkable performance in GVL synthesis, making them highly suitable as heterogeneous catalysts for targeted biomass conversion. This review explores the mechanisms and methods employed in the preparation of these catalysts for converting various biomass feedstocks into GVL. Additionally, we discuss recent progress in zeolite-catalyzed GVL production from common biomass sources. Finally, we address the challenges and future prospects for developing more effective zeolite-based catalysts in GVL synthesis.