Human placentophagy: an appraisal of benefits, risks and beliefs

Placentophagy is the practice of consuming placenta by mothers following childbirth, is a common among nearly all non-human mammals but remains rare and controversial in humans. Recently, it has gained popularity in Western societies as a natural approach to postpartum recovery, though supporting evidence is limited. This review explores the historical, cultural, physiological, and contemporary perspectives of human placentophagy, focusing on its practices, perceived benefits, risks, ethical issues, and public perceptions. Media influence of consumption of placenta in encapsulated form with claimed benefits for mother have shaped public acceptance more than clinical findings. However, scientific evidences are scanty. Human placentophagy is better understood as a modern cultural trend than an evidence-based practice. While perceived as empowering by some mothers, its benefits remain unproven and risks underrecognized. Healthcare providers should offer balanced, evidence-based counseling, and further clinical based research is vital in this area.