Data: Does Synergy Matter More Than Scale? A Study of Green Economy and Firm Efficiency from the Cohesion Perspective

This dataset is constructed from publicly disclosed financial, governance, patent, and regional macro-economic data of Chinese A-share listed firms over the period 2016–2024, manually collated and merged. It contains the following core variables: (1) the Green Economy Cohesion Index (GECI), a composite measure comprising three sub-layers—Green Safeguard (G), Green Infrastructure (I), and Green Efficacy (E); (2) firm-level total factor productivity (TFP) estimated via the Levinsohn–Petrin (LP) method; (3) mechanism variables: institutional transaction costs, green technology innovation patent counts, and resource allocation efficiency; and (4) firm-level control variables (e.g., size, leverage, growth, ownership) along with industry and year identifiers. The sample covers all non-financial sectors. The data are intended to replicate the empirical findings of our study and to facilitate further research on how systemic synergy within the green economy affects firm performance.