Chromatin profiling to identify biomarkers in inflammatory bowel diseases.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chromatin plays a critical role in gene regulation and disease pathogenesis. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), alterations in chromatin structure contribute to disease heterogeneity and impact treatment responses. This review explores chromatin accessibility and chromatin-associated proteins as biomarkers for IBD and highlights recent technological advancements enabling targeted biomarker discovery and novel therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Advancements in high-throughput sequencing have enabled genome-wide profiling of chromatin interactions in IBD. Studies have identified distinct chromatin landscapes in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), revealing stable regulatory shifts independent of inflammation. SUMMARY: Chromatin profiling offers a novel approach for identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets in IBD. Integrating chromatin accessibility data with transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses can refine disease classification and guide personalized treatment strategies. Emerging techniques compatible with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples enhance clinical applicability, bridging the gap between molecular research and precision gastroenterology.