Oliwier Wojciech Pioterek, Katarzyna Majka, Jakub Goździewicz, Wiktoria Taurogińska, Barbara Parol, Daria Pozdniakowa, Albert Synal, Aleksander Sowiński, Martyna Piskorz, Mateusz Drążyk, Mateusz Mazurek, Michał Tulski, Zygmunt Domagała, Maciej Dobrzyński, Paweł Dąbrowski
Photogrammetry is a method of acquiring three-dimensional (3D) models by superimposing two-dimensional images. Since the publication of the last systematic review, many new articles concerning its use in dental practice have been published. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of photogrammetry based on the available literature. Four databases (PubMed®, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase) were searched using the following keywords: "photogrammetry"; "stereophotogrammetry"; "dentistry"; and "tooth implants". The following eligibility criteria were applied: the study had to be published in a reliable journal, specify the type of measurements performed, and describe their accuracy or reproducibility. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-1) tool was used for the assessment of the risk of bias. The collected data was tabularized and classified into 3 groups based on the type of measurements performed and into 2 subgroups according to accuracy and precision. Forty-four articles were included in the final analysis. The reviewed articles showed that cephalometric measurements based on photogrammetry have high correlation coefficients and are accurate, with measurement errors below 1 mm. Photogrammetry was highly reproducible and more accurate than intraoral scanners (IOS) for assessing implant positions. Measurements of dental arches showed high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and high accuracy, with errors below 0.5 mm. The main limitation of this review is that most of the included studies were conducted in vitro; therefore, it was difficult to evaluate the applicability of photogrammetry in clinical practice. Photogrammetry appears to be a precise and accurate method for performing cephalometric measurements, assessing dental implant positions and measuring dental dimensions. However, further clinical studies are needed to evaluate its practical relevance.