Adult adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma with an extensive metastasis of the skull: case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB) is a malignant neoplasm of the autonomic nervous system on the spectrum of peripheral neuroblastic tumors (PNT), exceedingly rare in adults with only a limited number of cases documented in literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 57-year-old male who was found to have a large nodular lesion in the left adrenal gland, which was later confirmed as a ganglioneuroblastoma following adrenalectomy, with multiple skeletal metastases and, most notably, a large, growing and destructive metastasis in the right frontoparietal region of the skull with extradural extension and invasion of the superior sagittal sinus. We discuss the patient's clinical, radiological, and pathological findings in correlation with the current literature and recommendations regarding this type of tumor. CONCLUSION: This case, associated with a review of the literature, highlights the malignant potential of ganglioneuroblastoma in adults and emphasizes the need for early diagnosis, a multidisciplinary treatment approach, and further investigation into optimal management strategies for this rare entity.