Associations of biomarkers of chronic inflammation, programmed cell death, and myocardial remodeling with clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Aim . To analyze the associations of circulating biomarkers of chronic inflammation, programmed cell death, myocardial remodeling, and cellular stress with clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (ADHFpEF). Material and methods . The study included 240 patients aged 47 to 96 years admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of ADHFrEF. Blood was collected before the study began, and processed plasma and serum were stored at -80 о C. Serum biomarker levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), and spectrophotometric methods using Multiscan FC (Thermo, USA), Maglumi 2000 (Snibe, China), Lifotronic eCL8000 (Lifotronic, China), and Shimadzu 1800 UV (Shimadzu, Japan) analyzers. Results . A significant association was found between levels of leptin (odds ratio, OR=1,015), interleukin-6 (OR=1,006), ischemia-modified albumin (OR=1,026-1,028 depending on the model), and cystatin C (OR=1,769) with epicardial obesity. Multivariate analysis adjusted for sex, age, and acute kidney injury revealed significant associations between moderate and severe venous congestion (VExUS Grade 2-3) and serum concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (OR=1,004) and cystatin C (OR=3,188). Conclusion . Hypersecretion of biomarkers of chronic inflammation, myocardial ischemia, and renal dysfunction is associated with epicardial obesity and/or systemic venous congestion in patients with ADHFpEF.