Ablation Methods and Catheter Settings for Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation: A Bench to Bedside Review: Part 1

Catheter ablation is the primary treatment for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with structural heart disease. Unfortunately, its long-term success remains limited. Although mapping techniques have advanced considerably, optimal ablation indices remain essential but less well defined. This two-part comprehensive review bridges the gap between bench and bedside by evaluating methods, technologies, and VT-specific lesion parameters. Here, in part 1, we critically examined conventional and emerging techniques, including radiofrequency (RF), high-power short-duration ablation, temperature-controlled RF. In the accompanying paper, part 2, we focus on bipolar RF ablation, pulsed field ablation and ultra-low-temperature cryoablation, venous ethanol and needle ablation. Despite the growing set of tools available for VT operators, clinical data on the practical and safe creation of lesions remain scarce. The evidence supporting most of the techniques reviewed is limited. We emphasise the need for personalised ablation strategies based on substrate and myocardial anatomy and advocate for the development of future integrated, metric-driven technologies.