Study on the Basic Architecture and Decision Logic of an Add-On Advanced Adaptive Protection Relay Using IEC 61850

This paper proposes an advanced adaptive protection relay system that leverages IEC 61850-based wide-area communication and PLC-driven decision logic. By integrating real-time data from multiple substations, the system dynamically adapts relay operations to changing network topologies while maintaining compatibility with existing protection relays through an add-on architecture. This add-on approach facilitates easy deployment without major modifications to existing systems, enabling scalable and cost-effective implementation. A decision tree algorithm provides transparent, deterministic, and rapid fault isolation. The proposed approach was validated through hardware-in-the-loop simulations, demonstrating its practicality, scalability, and effectiveness in enhancing the reliability of power system protection.