Adaptive cycling and wellbeing among adults with mobility limitations : a cross-sectional, mixed-methods survey

Purpose: Adaptive cycling is a rapidly growing form of adaptive sport, yet little mixed-methods research has described participation among adults with mobility limitations. This study aimed to (1) describe adaptive cycling participation patterns, (2) describe the perceived biopsychosocial impacts and wellbeing contributions of adaptive cycling, and (3) identify variables associated with self-reported life satisfaction. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional online survey combined closed-response items with two open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics summarised quantitative data, multiple linear regression identified variables associated with life satisfaction (Satisfaction With Life Scale; SWLS), and open-ended responses were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated. Results: Ninety-four participants completed the survey. Most reported perceived improvements in overall mood (93.6%), physical health (85.1%), social connections (78.7%), and functional abilities (56.4%). Adaptive cycling was also perceived to contribute to fulfilment (69.1%), autonomy (63.4%), sense of purpose (59.6%), and personal growth (55.3%). Mean Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) score was 24.05 (SD 7.03). Perceived improvement in physical health was the only significant independent predictor of life satisfaction (β = .287, p = .036). Two themes were identified: adaptive cycling as foundational to health and identity, and accessibility as central to sustained participation. Conclusions: Adaptive cycling was perceived to support physical health, wellbeing, and identity among adults with mobility limitations. Improving affordability and accessible participation opportunities may enhance long-term engagement and inform rehabilitation practice, program development, and policy.