Immune mechanism of IgA vasculitis with nephritis: a narrative review.

IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN), also known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is a kidney disease secondary to IgA vasculitis (IgAV). While most pediatric IgAVN patients have a favorable prognosis, a minority may develop renal insufficiency or even progress to end-stage renal disease, compromising quality of life and imposing a significant burden on families. The etiology of IgAVN is complex, involving intricate immune system dysregulation. Elucidating its pathogenesis is crucial for guiding treatment and improving patient outcomes. Therefore, this review comprehensively synthesizes the immunopathogenic mechanisms of IgAVN including humoral, cellular, and cytokine networks to provide a robust theoretical framework for the rational design of novel therapeutic agents.