Male partner involvement in antenatal care: implications for maternal health services in Juba, South Sudan.

BACKGROUND: Male partner involvement in antenatal care (ANC) is recognized as an important strategy for improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Active participation of male partners enhances support for pregnant women, promotes timely healthcare utilization, and improves adherence to ANC recommendations. Despite these benefits, male involvement in ANC remains low in many settings. This study assessed the level of male partner involvement, influencing factors, and partner knowledge regarding ANC services in Juba County, South Sudan. OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of male partner involvement in antenatal care and its association with maternal healthcare utilization among women attending maternal health services in Juba County, South Sudan. STUDY DESIGN: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2025 among women attending ANC services in the selected public health facilities in Juba County, South Sudan. Data were collected using structured questionnaires to assess the level of male partner involvement in ANC visits and factors influencing participation. Descriptive statistics and logistics analyses were performed, with statistical significance set at P<.05 to identify the associated factors. RESULTS: Overall, 50.4% (95% confidence intervals: 45.7-55.5) of women reported being accompanied by their male partners to at least one ANC visit. Significant factors influencing male involvement included women's education level, partner's age, partner's education level, health worker encouragement, and a welcoming ANC environment (P<.05). The main barrier to involvement was work-related commitments (59.6%). Women whose partners had secondary level education and greater awareness of maternal health were more likely to report male participation in ANC visits. CONCLUSION: Male partner involvement in ANC remains inadequate, potentially limiting improvements in maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Educational attainment and supportive health facility practices were associated factors with male with participation. Interventions aimed at increasing male awareness, addressing cultural barriers, and creating male-friendly ANC services are needed to enhance participation and support safer pregnancies and childbirth.