Muhammad Farukh Tanveer, Jianping Wang, Danyang Chen, Muneeb Raza
Free space optical (FSO) wireless technology has emerged as a favorable solution for high-speed wireless communication links that can accomplish large data rates due to its broad bandwidth, unlicensed spectrum, and aversion to radio frequency interference. However, its operation is vigorously affected by scintillation in the atmosphere and misalignment errors owing to beam wander or jitter. To determine a more practical statistical representation of such impairments, the Málaga ( M ) turbulence model is applied, which helps to model all kinds of turbulence regimes along with the consequences of pointing errors. Traditional and asymptotic closed-form analytical expressions are developed to evaluate the probability of outage, average bit error rate (BER), and ergodic capacity of a MISO optical wireless system with (1, 2, …, J ) transmitters by using both heterodyne detection and intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) techniques. This research analyzes these two methods of the proposed optical wireless system through the use of Monte Carlo Simulations. The simulation results strongly verify the closed-form results under varied turbulence conditions with pointing errors. The outcomes reveal that the detection methods, turbulence intensity, and pointing errors have a significant impact on the system performance. Heterodyne detection is flexible in both moderate and high turbulence regimes, whereas IM/DD is quite useful in the weak turbulence regions because it is less complex and economically viable. The results of this study will be suitable for the modeling and optimization of future FSO systems, especially in scenarios where atmospheric scintillation and misalignments are difficult to control.