Spatial correlation network characteristics and influencing factors of urban ecological vulnerability in the Yellow River Basin, China.

The cooling and dust retention functions of urban parks are hot topics in the research area of ecosystem services in urban parks. Although the response curves of both functions to park distance are highly coupled and regulated by similar environmental factors, those two functions are often studied separately. Given the lack of high-precision environmental monitoring methods, the following two scientific problems have not been solved. First, whether the dust retention effect of urban parks changes synergistically with the cooling gradient? Second, is there a spatial feedback mechanism among various ecological functions of urban parks? Overall, there is a significant knowledge gap in the field of urban green space research regarding the mechanisms of heat-pollution coupling. In this paper, we sorted out the concepts and influencing factors of cooling and pollution retention effects in urban parks, summarized the available methods and approaches for quantitative research from the dual perspectives of cooling and pollution retention, and synthesized the research progress of coordinated regulation of cooling and dust retention services in urban parks. We suggested to break through the traditional single-factor analysis paradigm, encourage the establishment of multi-functional coupling analysis model of urban green space cooling and dust retention, and systematically explain the spatio-temporal differentiation law of their joint action. It would provide spatial decision support and core scientific basis for exploring the optimization path of park spatial pattern guided by thermal pollution collaborative governance and achieving the paradigm shift of ecological service efficiency from "passive response" to "active regulation".