Application of 3D-printed models in procedural training for dynamic hip screw fixation and intraosseous vascular access: An original article.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Simulation is increasingly used in medical education, but commercially available procedural trainers can be expensive, difficult to replace, and inconsistently accessible. This study aimed to develop and evaluate low-cost model-based training systems for dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation and intraosseous (IO) vascular access, with emphasis on the educational value of three-dimensional (3D)-printed models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3D-printed IO model was designed to accommodate a 20 mL syringe with a nominal diameter of 20.5 mm. A DHS procedural training session was delivered using 12 sawbone models, two demonstration kits, and two power tools. Medical students received introductory teaching, undertook supervised practical training, and provided qualitative feedback on ease of use, realism, and educational value. RESULTS: Students reported that the IO model was easier to use and more realistic than standard overused trainers, particularly in reproducing the resistance encountered during needle insertion. Participants described the DHS session as highly impactful and reported improved understanding of the procedure and increased appreciation of orthopedic surgery. The approximate production cost of the 3D-printed models was £2 per model. CONCLUSION: Low-cost 3D-printed and model-based simulation appears to offer a practical adjunct for IO access and DHS fixation teaching. Further validation using larger cohorts, structured feedback tools, objective skill assessment, and pre- and post-session outcome measures is required.