Mohamed R. Fouad
The review highlights the critical relationship between pesticide exposure and honey bee health. It discusses how various classes of pesticides, including neonicotinoids, carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and others, adversely affect bee behavior, reproduction, and immune systems. The paper reviews recent scientific findings indicating that sub-lethal doses can impair navigation, foraging efficiency, and colony stability, leading to colony collapse disorder. Emphasizing the ecological and agricultural significance of honeybees as pollinators, the abstract highlights the need for sustainable pesticide use and integrated pest management strategies to protect bee populations and maintain environmental health.