Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid and rhabdoid differentiation in a patient with duplicated inferior vena cava: case report and literature review.

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) with sarcomatoid and rhabdoid differentiation represents a rare variant of renal cancer. Duplicated inferior vena cava (DIVC) constitutes an uncommon vascular anomaly. To date, no previous reports have documented the coexistence of DIVC and chRCC with sarcomatoid and rhabdoid differentiation. A 64-year-old Caucasian male presented with a left renal mass. Computed tomography revealed a DIVC, an enlarged retroperitoneal lymph node, and a solid mass in the left kidney. The patient underwent left radical nephrectomy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). The postoperative course was complicated by deep vein thrombosis, managed with anticoagulation for 3 months. Histopathological analysis confirmed chRCC with sarcomatoid and rhabdoid differentiation, with metastasis identified in one of the 22 excised lymph nodes. The patient survived for 16 years following surgery. Preoperative identification of venous anatomical variations is essential for surgical planning and facilitates safe radical nephrectomy with RPLND in comparable cases.