Guillermo Muñoz‐Sánchez, Mar Guasp, Amaia Muñoz‐Lopetegi, Juan Francisco Luchoro, Eugenia Martínez‐Hernández, Laura Naranjo, María Elena Erro, L. Aguilar, Takahiro Iizuka, Mateus Mistieri Simabukuro, María Angustias Romera, Rocío Soledad Couso, Lídia Sabater, Albert Saiz, Francesc Graus, Josep Dalmau, Raquel Ruiz‐García, for the Anti-LGI1 encephalitis study group, Alba Chavarría‐Miranda, Manuel Palacı́n, Albertí Gonzalez Olalla, Ana L. Pelayo‐Negro, Gary Álvarez Bravo, Nicolau Guanyabens, Mario Riverol, Manuel González Barón, A. Giménez-Muñoz, F. Ortega-Valin, I. González-Aramburu, Jordi Estela-Herrero, María J. Sedano Tous, I. Pericot, C.J. de Miguel-Sanchez, José Barberá, Elvira Munteis, M. Alba Mañé-Martínez, María José García Gomara, J.P. Fernandez-Cubillos
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (anti-LGI1) encephalitis is the most common antibody-mediated encephalitis in adults older than 50 years. In addition to antibody effects, cytokines and chemokines drive neuroinflammation in other autoimmune encephalitides. However, their role in anti-LGI1 encephalitis is underexplored. We evaluated cytokine profiles in serum and CSF, correlating them with acute severity and long-term outcome. METHODS: Cytokine/chemokine levels from 57 untreated patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis were measured in serum and CSF (34 paired samples) with a bead-based multiplex assay and compared with those of patients with noninflammatory neurologic disorders (serum = 24; CSF = 21). Clinical information including degree of severity (modified Rankin Scale, mRS) and 12-month functional outcomes (resume previous activities and work) was assessed. RESULTS: < 0.05) were also observed. DISCUSSION: In this study, we show that the acute-phase IL-6 CSF/serum ratio and serum IL-35 levels in immunotherapy-naive patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis are associated with disease severity and poor outcomes, respectively, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for risk stratification and therapeutic targeting.