The potential of using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to monitor health issues in broiler production

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emerging biomarkers for monitoring broiler health and productivity. Originating from metabolic processes, feed, manure, and the environment, VOCs offer potential for poultry diagnostics. This chapter explores volatilomics in broiler health, focusing on VOCs derived from protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as microbial contributions from respiration and gut microbiota. The influence of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi) on VOC profiles for disease detection is highlighted. VOCs from diverse biological samples, including feces, breath, feathers, skin, and blood, are evaluated for diagnostic use. Internal (age, breed, sex, circadian rhythm, and emotional state) and external (diet, rearing system, bedding, temperature, and humidity) factors shaping VOC fingerprints are examined. Finally, advanced VOC analysis techniques, including GC-MS and electronic noses, are reviewed, emphasizing their role in noninvasive, real-time broiler health monitoring. These advances position VOC analysis as a promising tool for improving broiler health monitoring and management.