Consciousness in Science Fiction

This chapter investigates the evolution of consciousness as a central theme in science fiction, tracing its development from early literary shifts towards interiority to its role in modern media. It explores the fundamental tension between viewing consciousness as a functional, scientific mechanism and as an immaterial “soul” that defines moral worth and human dignity. Rather than focusing on the technical feasibility of artificial minds, the chapter argues that science fiction utilises consciousness primarily as a narrative mirror to examine human values and the “value” of existence itself. By exploring landmark works such as Blade Runner, Westworld , and Ex Machina , the chapter illustrates how the genre shifts the focus from how consciousness works to what it signifies for social order, ethics, and rights. Readers will gain insight into how depictions of artificial intelligence reflect societal anxieties concerning lobar, empathy, and power structures. Ultimately, the chapter reveals that science fiction&s;s “conscious” machines serve as critical lenses for questioning the arbitrary criteria humans use to grant recognition and protection to other beings.