Industrial Gas Turbines

Historically, the industrial gas turbine had its roots much further back than its aeroengine sister, and, again, these roots sprouted in European soil. Industrial gas turbines are highly versatile and cost-effective prime movers, having been used for a variety of applications on land (power generation, chemical industry, cogeneration, pipeline compression, locomotives, tanks) and at sea (marine commercial and military vessels, hovercraft, and offshore applications). They offer a unique combination of high-power density, fuel flexibility, rapid-start capability, and reliable continuous operation. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of industrial gas turbine technology, tracing its evolution from the early 1900s to the present. It reviews their fundamental aerodynamics, thermodynamics, principal components, and performance characteristics. Single-, double-, or triple-spooled layouts are analyzed. Also, the combined cycle plants (gas with steam) and aeroderivative engines are discussed. Finally, the chapter concludes with emerging trends, including digital twins, AI-enabled diagnostics, additive manufacturing, advanced materials, and hydrogen-ready combustion systems.