Pathology of the self: a network analysis of personality functioning, narcissistic vulnerability, mentalizing, and epistemic trust across trauma profiles

BACKGROUND: Trauma exposure impairs personality functioning, mentalizing, and epistemic trust, yet the mechanisms linking these processes remain unclear. METHODS: Using network analysis, we examined how narcissistic traits, personality functioning, reflective functioning, and epistemic stances interact across trauma profiles in emerging adults (N = 1,081; 72.4% female). Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ-SF), Levels of Personality Functioning Scale–Brief Form (LPFS-BF), Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Reflective Functioning Questionnaire for Youth (RFQY-13), and Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ). Latent profile analysis identified three trauma profiles: low trauma, emotional trauma, and complex trauma. RESULTS: For all three trauma profiles, narcissistic vulnerability and self-impairment formed a stable, central dyad, indicating a core of transdiagnostic dysfunction. Trauma exposure was associated with denser, more interconnected networks, likely reflecting self-reinforcing maladaptive patterns. Uncertainty about mental states emerged as the primary bridge mechanism, increasing with trauma severity and transmitting dysfunction into epistemic stances. Trauma was associated with both mistrust and credulity—mistrust predominated in emotional trauma, credulity in complex trauma. CONCLUSIONS: These findings delineate common and trauma-specific processes linking personality dysfunction and interpersonal traits. Clinically, they highlight the importance of addressing narcissistic vulnerability and self-functioning as stable mechanisms, reducing uncertainty through mentalization-based interventions, and tailoring treatment to trauma-specific epistemic patterns.