Secure and privacy-preserving issues in integrated sensing and communication-enabled wireless networks: a survey

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising paradigm for next-generation wireless networks, offering enhanced resource utilization and improved performance across diverse applications. However, the inherent openness of wireless environments and the integration of sensing and communication functionalities introduce unique security and privacy challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the existing literature on security and privacy preservation in ISAC-enabled wireless networks. We first analyze and synthesize current approaches, categorize security solutions based on physical and network layer protections, and then address privacy concerns related to terminal end and ISAC data. Subsequently, we highlight key open issues, including the need for scalable and adaptable security frameworks, trustworthy collaborative ISAC techniques, and standardized regulations for ISAC security and privacy. By providing a structured overview of the field, this survey charts a roadmap for future research, aiming at realizing robust, secure, and privacy-conscious ISAC systems.