Ultrastructural and histological study of testicular torsion-detorsion on rat and protective effects of fibroblast and macrophage conditioned medium.

Testicular torsion-detorsion (TD) or ischemia/reperfusion causes reactive oxygen species over-production and has extensive destructive effects on testicular tissue. Following TD, this study evaluated the therapeutic effects of conditioned medium (CM) of fibroblast, macrophage and co-culture on testicular histomorphometric and ultrastructure. Adult rats were divided into 7 groups. Healthy control, Control sham, TD, and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium groups. Experimental groups: Fibroblast, macrophage and co-culture. The supernatant was obtained from the separate cultures of fibroblasts and macrophages and co-culture were injected. All injections were made through rete testis. Thirty-five days after the operation, the testis was sampled for histomorphometric and ultrastructural studies. However, the ultrastructural study of testicular tissue also showed that extensive changes occurred in Sertoli cells' nucleus, nucleolus and mitochondria. This study showed that in fibroblast and slightly less in macrophage groups, there were good improvements in all histomorphometric and ultrastructure parameters similar to the healthy control group. It was also shown that the Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium group had slightly better recovery conditions than the TD group, but the co-culture group showed similar conditions to the TD. Overall, it could be concluded that the CM of fibroblast was very effective. In the groups receiving fibroblastic and macrophage CM, all parameters exhibited favorable improvement but in the fibroblast group, most of the parameters were similar to those in the healthy controls group. It was also shown that the CM of fibroblast-macrophage co-culture could not be improved on TD condition but made it worsened.