Anti-CD33 Antibody-Drug Conjugate (Gemtuzumab ozogamicin) in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Real Life Data from Iraq.

BACKGROUND: Recent progress in immunotherapy has developed novel approaches to overcome some immune evasion mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Notably, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) emerged as a promising method. This study presents real-world data on AML patients treated with Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) (ADCs) to guide treatment strategies and provide further evidence regarding its efficacy. METHODS: Thirty adult AML patients (treatment-naïve and relapsed/refractory), FLT3 negative and CD33-positive, were enrolled in this study to receive GO alone or with chemotherapy. Treatment response was evaluated using European Leukemia Net guidelines. RESULTS: Result show a 50% overall response rate (46.7% complete remission and 3.3% partial remission). higher complete remission rates (78.5%) in treatment-naive AML patients compared to relapsed/refractory cases (21.5%). Following initial induction, 10 patients-maintained remission, while 14 succumbed to the disease, predominantly early during induction therapy. The Survival advantage in newly diagnosed patients (10.45months) compared to those with relapsed/refractory patients (5.63 months, P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Go served as a target therapy and served as an antibody-based target therapies, attained significant rate of response and improved survival outcomes in both treatment- naïve and those with relapsed/refractory AML patients, that emphasizes its role as part of induction and salvage regimens in parallel enhanced supportive care could further improve outcome. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12288-025-02247-w.