Digital health nursing in male infertility: Leadership, workforce, and policy pathways for equitable care.

Digital health technologies are reshaping reproductive care, yet their application to male infertility-an area marked by stigma, delayed help-seeking, and structural invisibility-remains underdeveloped. This narrative review synthesizes literature from 2018-2025 to examine how tele-nursing, mobile health, artificial intelligence, and digitally mediated peer support can strengthen access, privacy, and engagement for men experiencing infertility. A structured search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar identified 67 relevant sources, which were synthesized across four domains: digital innovation, masculinity and stigma, workforce readiness, and governance gaps. Findings show that digital health offers meaningful opportunities to reduce barriers to care but also carries risks-including algorithmic bias, misinformation, and unequal digital access-that may reinforce existing inequities without intentional oversight. To address these tensions, the Nursing Leadership Mediation Model is proposed, integrating sociotechnical, workforce, and policy perspectives to position nurse leaders as mediators who align digital innovation with ethical, equitable implementation. Advancing digital health in male infertility care will require strengthened digital competencies, culturally responsive practice, and explicit policy inclusion to ensure that emerging technologies support-not marginalize-men's reproductive health needs.